Air Crash Compensation and the Question of Fairness

Air Crash Compensation and the Question of Fairness

By Hariharan U

Published on October 10, 2026

The Supreme Court’s decision to fast-track the compensation dispute arising from the 1988 Ahmedabad air crash brings a 38-year-old question back into focus: how should the loss of a passenger’s life be valued?

Indian Airlines Flight IC-113 crashed while approaching Ahmedabad on October 19, 1988. Of the 135 people on board, 133 were killed, while two passengers survived. Families of the deceased and survivors subsequently filed 38 civil suits between 1989 and 1992. The matter travelled from the Ahmedabad City Civil Court to the Gujarat High Court and eventually reached the Supreme Court in 2010.

The latest development is significant because the dispute is not simply about the amount of compensation. At its centre is a larger legal question: should compensation for an aviation accident be calculated using principles developed for road accidents under the Motor Vehicles Act, or does air travel require a distinct framework?

The victims’ families have argued that a standardised road-accident formula does not adequately capture an aviation passenger’s loss. Their submissions seek consideration of actual income, future earning capacity, career progression and inflation. They also argue that passengers have no control over an aircraft’s operation, maintenance or safety, making the nature of responsibility fundamentally different from many road accidents.

The history of the case illustrates why this debate matters. The Gujarat High Court had earlier ordered compensation in claims involving 34 passengers, with Indian Airlines and the Airports Authority of India directed to pay ₹6 crore, along with interest. The litigation, however, continued.

For the aviation and hospitality ecosystem, the case raises an uncomfortable question about passenger protection. The industry has changed dramatically since 1988. Air travel is more accessible, passenger volumes are substantially larger and expectations around safety, transparency and accountability have evolved. Yet a compensation framework that struggles to reach finality over several decades risks appearing disconnected from the realities of modern travel.

The timing is even more striking. The Supreme Court’s decision comes against the backdrop of the 2025 Air India crash in Ahmedabad, which killed 260 people and has itself generated multiple proceedings concerning aviation safety and investigation.

The two accidents are separated by 37 years and occurred under different circumstances. But they share one uncomfortable lesson: when aviation safety fails, its consequences extend far beyond the crash site.

Compensation cannot restore a life. But it can determine whether a family receives meaningful financial support after losing its income, security and future plans.

The Supreme Court’s intervention therefore offers more than an opportunity to settle an old dispute. It could help establish whether India needs a clearer, more contemporary framework for aviation compensation, one that recognises not just a passenger on a ticket, but the economic life and future that passenger represented.

After 38 years, the question is no longer simply how much compensation is due. It is whether justice itself has taken too long to arrive.


Indian Railways to Enforce Overnight Charging Ban from 11 PM to 5 AM

Indian Railways to Enforce Overnight Charging Ban from 11 PM to 5 AM

By Manu Vardhan Kannan

Published on October 30, 2026

Indian Railways has directed all zonal railways to strictly enforce the rule of switching off mobile phone and laptop charging points in train coaches between 11 pm and 5 am. The decision follows a recent power bank explosion on the Mumbai–Howrah Mail in the South Eastern Railway zone, which reportedly filled an air-conditioned coach with smoke and triggered the fire alarm.

According to reports, railway staff had failed to switch off the charging points during the prescribed hours, allowing a passenger's power bank to explode while it was being charged. The incident has renewed concerns about the risks associated with leaving electronic devices connected to power sources while passengers sleep.

The rule is not new. The Railway Board first issued instructions to switch off charging points in train coaches in June 2014, following a fire in an AC 3-tier coach of the Hazur Sahib Nanded–KSR Bengaluru Express in 2013. The incident occurred within the Bengaluru division of South Western Railway.

Following that fire, the Commissioner of Railway Safety (CRS), Southern Circle, recommended restricting the use of charging points in air-conditioned coaches between 10 pm and 6 am. The Railway Board subsequently introduced the overnight restriction, but enforcement has reportedly weakened over the years. The latest directive calls on all zones to implement the existing rule strictly.

The renewed focus is on preventing fire hazards caused by unattended electronic devices. Phones, laptops and power banks left charging overnight can pose risks if their batteries, chargers or cables are faulty. Overheating can lead to fires and smoke, creating additional dangers in enclosed train coaches, particularly when passengers are asleep.

Railway authorities have also highlighted the risk of theft, as passengers may leave their phones connected to charging points while sleeping. Switching off the sockets overnight is intended to reduce these risks and encourage passengers to charge their devices before the restriction begins or after it ends.

The move has received mixed reactions from passengers. While many understand the safety concerns, others have raised questions about the inconvenience during long-distance journeys. Mobile phones are often needed to access digital tickets, contact family members, set alarms and communicate during emergencies. Passengers have also questioned how the restriction will affect them if a train is delayed or a journey extends beyond the expected schedule.

Some travellers have suggested alternative measures, including stricter standards for chargers and power banks or targeted restrictions on potentially unsafe devices. However, the Railway Board's current approach focuses on enforcing the existing overnight charging restriction across train services.

For passengers travelling overnight, the practical advice is to charge mobile phones and other essential devices before boarding or before 11 pm. Travellers should avoid leaving devices unattended while charging and immediately alert railway staff if a phone, charger or power bank becomes unusually hot, produces a burning smell or emits smoke.

By reinforcing the existing rule, Indian Railways aims to reduce preventable fire risks and improve safety during overnight journeys. Passengers, meanwhile, will need to plan their device usage around the six-hour period when onboard charging points are switched off.


Beyond the Delivery App: Why Swiggy's Insurance Cover Matters for Gig Workers

Beyond the Delivery App: Why Swiggy's Insurance Cover Matters for Gig Workers

By Manu Vardhan Kannan

Published on October 29, 2026

Swiggy has renewed its comprehensive accident and health insurance programme for delivery partners in partnership with IndusInd General Insurance Company Ltd, formerly known as Reliance General Insurance Company Ltd. The initiative aims to strengthen financial security, healthcare access and social protection for India's growing gig workforce. In FY26, more than 25 lakh delivery partners were covered under Swiggy's accident and health insurance programmes.

Under the renewed policy, delivery partners will continue to receive accidental death cover of ₹10 lakh, in-patient hospitalisation cover of up to ₹2 lakh and family health coverage of up to ₹1 lakh. Maternity benefits are also available to women delivery partners and the spouses of male delivery partners wherever family coverage applies.

During the previous policy period, spouses of delivery partners accounted for 75% of maternity claims, while women delivery partners accounted for the remaining 25%, according to the company.

The renewed programme also includes protection against accidental disability, along with child education support in cases of accidental death or permanent total disability. These provisions aim to offer additional financial support to families when an unexpected incident affects their household income.

Healthcare Benefits Beyond Hospitalisation

The insurance programme extends beyond accident cover and hospital stays. It includes cashless and reimbursement facilities for hospitalisation, day-care procedures, maternity care and outpatient treatment. Coverage for pre-existing diseases begins from Day 1, without a waiting period.

Additional benefits include emergency road ambulance services worth up to ₹10,000 and outpatient treatment cover of up to ₹10,000. The programme also includes pre- and post-hospitalisation expenses and loss-of-pay support, subject to policy terms.

Delivery partners and their families can access free, round-the-clock teleconsultations with general physicians and super-specialists. They can also benefit from preferential rates on medicines and diagnostic tests, wellness sessions and AI-driven wellness management solutions.

According to the company, delivery partners can access and claim their insurance benefits through the Swiggy Delivery Partner App, providing a digital route to information and support when required.

Why Delivery Partner Welfare Matters

For delivery partners, who spend much of their working time navigating traffic and changing weather conditions, accident protection and healthcare access can provide an important financial safety net. Unexpected medical expenses, hospitalisation or an accident-related interruption to work can affect not only individual earnings but also the financial stability of their families.

The programme's family health and maternity benefits also extend the support beyond the individual worker. These provisions recognise that a delivery partner's financial wellbeing is closely connected to the health and security of their household.

Swiggy's wider partner-support initiatives have included road-safety and emergency-response training, SOS and ambulance services, weather-appropriate gear, designated resting points, mental wellness support and financial literacy programmes. The company has also conducted health check-up camps across multiple cities and plans to expand preventive healthcare initiatives.

Together, these measures highlight the range of support needed by workers whose livelihoods depend on regular activity and physical mobility. Insurance can help manage the financial consequences of accidents and illness, while training, appropriate equipment and access to rest facilities can help address some risks before they lead to serious incidents.

The Wider Impact on India's Gig Economy

Food delivery and quick-commerce services have become an important part of India's hospitality and consumer-services ecosystem. Restaurants, cloud kitchens, food retailers and customers increasingly depend on delivery partners to connect digital orders with physical services.

However, the flexibility of platform-based work also comes with challenges, including income uncertainty, road risks, exposure to extreme weather and the costs associated with maintaining a vehicle. Access to insurance and healthcare can help address some of these concerns, although the extent of protection depends on policy terms and eligibility.

Further measures could include regular defensive-driving training, certified helmets, reflective jackets, first-aid support, drinking-water facilities and safe resting areas. Clearer earnings structures, mental health resources and opportunities for skill development could also strengthen long-term worker welfare.

For India's food-delivery and hospitality sectors, the discussion extends beyond insurance alone. Reliable service depends on the people who deliver meals, support restaurant operations and connect businesses with customers. Protecting their health and safety is therefore an important part of building a more resilient service ecosystem.

Swiggy's renewal of insurance for more than 25 lakh delivery partners in FY26 represents a significant extension of its worker-protection programme. As India's gig economy continues to expand, the next challenge is to combine financial protection with preventive safety measures, accessible healthcare and practical support that helps delivery partners work with greater security.


When Airport Systems Fail, Who Pays the Price for Delays?

When Airport Systems Fail, Who Pays the Price for Delays?

By Hariharan U

Published on October 29, 2026

Airports are built to keep people moving. Every check-in counter, boarding gate, baggage belt and departure screen is part of a carefully coordinated system designed to move thousands of passengers through a limited space within tight schedules. But what happens when the technology connecting these operations stops working?

A network disruption at Mumbai International Airport on Tuesday evening, October 27, offers a reminder of how vulnerable this process can be. Airport staff reportedly switched to manual check-in procedures after a temporary system outage. By around 9:30 PM, flight-tracking data from Flightradar24 showed 327 delayed flights, an average departure delay of 50 minutes and cancellations affecting 13% of flights.

These figures describe the airport's wider flight situation during the period; they do not establish how many delays or cancellations were directly caused by the outage. That distinction matters. Yet the incident still raises a larger question: how prepared are airports to maintain a predictable passenger experience when their digital infrastructure fails?

A System Can Be Operational Without Being Seamless

Mumbai International Airport Ltd (MIAL) said teams implemented manual processing measures to minimise inconvenience and maintain essential operations. The operator also stated that there had been no overall impact on airport and flight operations.

At first glance, these statements may appear reassuring. Essential operations continued, and contingency measures were activated. But there is a difference between keeping an airport operational and ensuring that passengers experience little or no disruption.

For someone waiting to check in, reach a connecting flight or board on time, the distinction is significant. An airport may continue functioning while queues grow, departure times shift and uncertainty spreads across terminals.

This is where operational resilience should be assessed—not merely by whether services continue, but by how effectively they continue under pressure.

Manual Processes Are a Backup, Not a Complete Answer

Manual check-in is a practical contingency when digital systems become unavailable. It can help staff continue processing passengers instead of allowing the entire operation to stop.

However, manual procedures may also introduce additional steps, increase staff workload and slow passenger processing, depending on the systems involved and the scale of the disruption. Their effectiveness depends on training, clear protocols, adequate staffing and coordination between airport operators and airlines.

The important question is not whether manual processing exists. It is whether it can handle a disruption at a major airport without creating a second operational problem.

Airports and airlines should regularly test these arrangements under realistic conditions. A contingency plan that works for a limited interruption may not be sufficient when several counters, flights or interconnected services are affected simultaneously.

Passengers Need Information, Not Just Reassurance

During an operational disruption, uncertainty can become as frustrating as the delay itself. Passengers need to know whether check-in is functioning, whether their departure time has changed and where they should seek assistance.

When systems fail, communication must become more active, not less. Staff updates, visible notices, functioning information channels and coordinated announcements can help passengers make informed decisions.

This is particularly important for travellers with tight connections, older passengers, families with children and people requiring assistance. A delay does not affect every passenger in the same way, and a standard announcement may not address every traveller's needs.

The incident also highlights the importance of having communication alternatives that do not depend entirely on the same network infrastructure experiencing the disruption.

Who Is Accountable When the Technology Fails?

Modern airports depend on interconnected systems, often involving airport operators, airlines and technology providers. When something goes wrong, identifying the technical cause is only one part of the response. Understanding the operational consequences is equally important.

In this case, MIAL did not disclose the precise duration of the disruption or provide details about its technical cause. The available information also did not establish the number of flights directly affected by the outage.

Without those details, it would be premature to attribute all reported delays to the network issue. But the absence of a clear breakdown also limits the public's ability to understand the incident.

A more transparent post-incident account could explain what failed, which services were affected, how contingency procedures performed and what measures will be taken to reduce the risk of recurrence. Such information would help passengers and the wider aviation industry distinguish between an isolated technical problem and a broader weakness in operational planning.

Resilience Should Be Measured by the Passenger Experience

Airports will continue to adopt digital systems because they can improve efficiency, coordination and passenger processing. The answer is not to retreat from technology. It is to ensure that the benefits of digitalisation are supported by reliable backup arrangements and clear accountability.

A resilient airport is not simply one that avoids system failures. It is one that can respond to them without leaving passengers uninformed, unsupported or unnecessarily inconvenienced.

The Mumbai disruption may have been temporary, and the available figures do not establish its full impact. Nevertheless, it offers a useful test for the industry: are contingency systems designed merely to keep operations running, or are they designed to protect the passenger experience when normal operations break down?

Because when airport technology fails, passengers are often the first to feel the consequences—even when they have no control over the systems behind their journey

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